ЦЕЛЬ УРОКА – формирование языковой компетенции

ЗАДАЧИ УРОКА –

1. Совершенствование лексических навыков

2. Совершенствование навыка аудирования

3. Совершенствование навыка чтения с полным пониманием.

4. Совершенствование навыка аналитического мышления.

Данный урок-лекция основывается на ранее изученной теме "Varieties of English” блока №8 УМК "MATRIX”, intermediate (Kathy Gude, Michel Duckworth
Издательство Oxford University Press, 2002 г.) и служит образцом для создания собственных проектных работ учащимися. В конце урока учащимся предлагается выбрать тему для работы над проектом ‘VARIETIES OF ENGLISH’

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ХОД УРОКА

Приветствие.

Сообщение темы и цели урока.

Лекция с демонстрацией слайдов.

Выполнение задания на перевод с австралийского на русский.

Аудирование песни на австралийском языке.

Socio-Historical Linguistic Context

Australian English began diverging from British English shortly after the foundation of the Australian penal colony of New South Wales in 1788. British convicts sent there, (including Cockneys from London), came mostly from large English cities. They were joined by free settlers, military personnel and administrators, often with their families. However, a large part of the convict body were Irish, with at least 25% directly from Ireland. There were other populations of convicts from non-English speaking areas of Britain, such as the Welsh and Scots.

Already in 1827 Peter Cunningham, in his book Two Years in New South Wales, reported that native-born white Australians of the time spoke with a distinctive accent and vocabulary, with a strong Cockney influence.

The transportation of convicts to Australia ended in 1868, but immigration of free settlers from Britain, Ireland and elsewhere continued. Thus, the former Australian English began as a mixture of Cockney, Irish, Welsh and Scotish.

The American military personnel in World War II brought American influence; though most words were short-lived; and only okay, you guys, and gee have persisted. Since the 1950s the American influence on language in Australia has mostly come from pop culture, the mass media, computer software and the internet. Some words, such as freeway and truck, have even been naturalised so completely that few Australians recognise their origin.

American, British and Australian variants exist side-by-side; in many cases – freeway and motorway (used in New South Wales) for instance – regional, social and ethnic variation within Australia typically defines word usage. Words of Irish origin are used such as bum for "backside" (Irish bun), tucker for "food", as well as one or two native English words whose meaning have changed under Irish influence, such as paddock for "field".

Variation and Changes

Three main varieties of Australian English are spoken according to linguists: broad, general and cultivated. They often, but not always, reflect the social class or educational background of the speaker.

Broad Australian English is recognisable and familiar to English speakers around the world because it is used to identify Australian characters in non-Australian films and television programs.

The majority of Australians speak with the general Australian accent British words such as mobile (phone) predominate in most cases.

Cultivated Australian English has some similarities to British Received Pronunciation, and is often mistaken for it.

There are no strong variations in accent and pronunciation across different states and territories.

Australian English has some peculiarities in pronunciation.

But surely, the most remarkable changes appeared to be in vocabulary.

Vocabulary

In 1945 Sidney J. Baker published the book The Australian Language which was a milestone in the emergence of a separate Australian Standard.

Australian English has many words that some consider unique to the language. One of the best known is outback,, meaning a remote, sparsely populated area. Another is The bush meaning either a native forest or a country area in general.

• Fair dinkum can mean "are you telling me the truth?”,"this is the truth!”,or"this is ridiculous!”depending on context - the disputed origin dates back to the gold rush in the 1850s, "dinkum” being derived from the Chinese word for "gold” or "real gold”: fair dinkum is the genuine article.
• ExtinctEast Midlands dialect in England: dinkum means hard work or fair work
• Dinky-di means true or devoted: a ‘dinky-di Aussie’ is a ‘true Australian

G'day is well known as a stereotypical Australian greeting - it is worth noting that G'day is not synonymous with the expression "Good Day”, and is never used as an expression for "farewell". Many of these terms have been adopted into British English via popular culture and family links.

Speaking about word-forming, we may say that Australian English has a unique set of diminutives formed by adding -o or -ie (-y) to the ends of (often abbreviated) words. There does not appear to be any particular pattern to which of these suffixes is used.

Examples with the -o ending include

Australian English Abo Aggro Ambo Arvo Avo Bizzo Dero Evo Garbo Journo Milko Servo Smoko Thingo vejjo

Standard English Aborigine-(now considered very offensive) Aggressive Ambulance office Afternoon Avocado Business Homeless person Evening Garbage collector Journalist Milkman Service(gas) station Smoke or coffee/tea break Thing Vegetarian

Examples of the -ie (-y) ending include

Australian English Aussie Barbie Beautie Bikkie Bitie Brekkie Bushie Chewie Chokkie Cozzie Chrissie Exy Kindie Lippy Mozzie Oldies Postie Prezzie Rellie Sickie Sunnies Surfy Swaggie Trackies Truckie Vedgie

Standard English Australian Barbeque Beautiful Biscuit Biting insect Breakfast Someone who lives in the bush Chewing gum Chocolate Swimming suit Christmas Expensive Kindergarten Lipstick Mosquito Parents Postman Present Relatives Day off sick from work Sun-glasses Surfing fanatic Swagman Tracksuit Truck driver Vegetable

Occasionally, a -za diminutive is used, usually for personal names.

• Barry becomes Bazza,
• Karen becomes Kazza and
• Sharon becomes Shazza.

There are also a lot of abbreviations in Australian English without any suffixes. Examples of these are the words

beaut (great, beautiful),

BYO (Bring Your Own restaurant, party, barbecue etc),

• deli (delicatessen),
• hoon (hooligan),
• nana (banana),
• roo (kangaroo),
• uni (university),
• ute (utility truck or vehicle)

Influence of Australian Aboriginal languages

Some elements of Aboriginal languages have been adopted by Australian English – mainly as names for places, flora and fauna (for example dingo) and local culture. Many such are localised, and do not form part of general Australian use, while others, such as kangaroo, boomerang, budgerigar, wallaby and so on have become international. Beyond that, little has been adopted into the wider language, except for some localised terms and slang. Some examples are cooee and hard yakka. The former is used as a high-pitched call, for attracting attention, (pronounced ) which travels long distances. Cooee is also a notional distance: if he's within cooee, we'll spot him. Hard yakka means hard work and is derived from yakka, from the Jagara language once spoken in the Brisbane region.

We cannot but mention unique and, indeed, colourful Australian metaphors and similes, as

• as bald as a bandicoot –совершенно лысый
• as cunning as a dunny rat - коварный, пронырливый
• as lonely as a country dunny – покинутый, одинокий
• flat out like a lizard drinking – очень занятый

let alone Australian expressions, as

• in full feather – при полном параде
• rough end of a pineapple - неудачная сделка,
• not to know Christmas from Bourke Street - не иметь понятия
• not to have a brass razoo – очень бедный
• dingo’s breakfast – без завтрака

etc.

These are the best-known Australianisms in the English-speaking world.

Australian English	World Standard English
amber	beer
arvo	afternoon
barbie	barbecue
barrack	cheer
beaut	great
bloke	man
chook	chicken
clobber	clothes
crook	ill
daks	trousers (BrE), pants (AmE)
dinkum	genuine, true
evo	evening
G'day	hello
lolly	sweet (BrE), candy (AmE)
nana	banana
oil	information
Oz	Australia
Pom(my)	English
sheila	woman
snag tucker	sausage meals

Summing up, we may say that it is quite possible to understand Australian if you know some peculiarities of the language.

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