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 Weapons of mass
destruction (WMD) generally include nuclear, biological,
chemical weapons. The term first arose in 1937 in reference to
the mass destruction of Guernica, Spain, by aerial bombardment
that was made by the German Luftwaffe during the Spanish Civil
War. |
Water pollution
occurs mostly, when people overload the water environment such
as streams, lakes, underground water, bays or seas with wastes
or substances harmful to living beings. |
Smoking is
the
best way to bad health. Today half the men and a quarter of the
women in the world smoke on the average. Some people
think
that there is not much sense in refraining from smoking, since
the inhabitants of many cities and even villages breathe air
contaminated with industrial and automobile wastes. They are
very wrong. |
Discovery of the
hole in the ozone layer showed that human activity has a major
impact on the Earth. The damage of ozone in the stratosphere
high above the planet's surface has been brought about as the
result of the widespread use of chemicals, which under normal
conditions are chemically inert and harmless. |
The first nuclear
weapons were created by the United States, with assistance from
the United Kingdom and Canada, during World War II as part of
the top-secret Manhattan Project. While the first nuclear
weapons were developed primarily out of fear that Nazi Germany
would first develop them, they eventually used against the
Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. |
The Chernobyl
station is situated at the settlement of Pripyat, Ukraine, 18 km
northwest of the city of Chernobyl, 16 km from the border
of Ukraine
and Belarus,
and about
110 km north
of Kiev,
the capital of Ukraine. |
September 11,
2001 is the most tragic hour in the history of the United
States, this terror kamikaze attack was called a second Pearl
Harbour. |
The world's
population is an important issue. For hundreds of thousands of
years, the human population grew at a low but steadily
increasing rate. Then, in less than last 200 years, the world
population went from several hundreds of millions to more than 6
billion people. |
Chemical
warfare
is a military operation using the toxic properties of chemical
substances to kill, injure or incapacitate the enemy. Chemical
warfare
is different from the use of conventional weapons or nuclear
weapons because the destructive effects of chemical weapons are
not primarily due to any explosive force.
|
Nuclear war, or
atomic war, is war in which nuclear weapons are used in a wide
attack aimed at an entire country, both military and civilian
targets. The United States is the only nation to have actually
used nuclear weapons in war, having in 1945 dropped two of them
on cities in Japan — one on Hiroshima and another on Nagasaki.
|
At present
nuclear detonations are the most devastating of the weapons of
mass destruction. Depending upon the environment in which the
nuclear device is detonated, blast effects are manifested as
ground shock, water shock, cratering, and large amounts of dust
and radioactive fallout. |
Evolution is the
complexity of processes by which living organisms established on
the earth and have been expanded and modified through changes in
form and function. Human evolution is the biological and
cultural development of the species Homo sapiens or human
beings. Humans evolved from apes, because of their similarities. |
All food is made
up of nutrients which our bodies use. There are different kinds
of nutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, fats» vitamins and
minerals. Different foods contain different nutrients. |
Global warming is
sometimes referred to as the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse
effect is the absorption of energy radiated from the Earth's
surface by carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere,
causing the atmosphere to become warmer. |
In the 17th
century rich women normally were taught at home by a tutor, they
were taught subjects like Latin, French, Needlework and they
were also taught how to look pretty and to play the piano and
other instruments. |
People have
always polluted their surroundings. But until now pollution was
not such a serious problem. People lived in uncrowned rural
areas and did not have pollution — causing machines. With the
development of crowded industrial cities which put huge amounts
of pollutants into small areas, the problem has become more
important. |
Since ancient
times Nature has served Man, being the source of his life. For
thousands of years people lived in harmony with environment and
it seemed to them that natural riches were unlimited. But with
the development of civilization man's interference in nature
began to increase. |
More people
are
abusing drugs today than in any other time in history of
mankind, and many of those people are youth. Understanding
what drugs are is fundamental for understanding their potential
abuse. Drugs are a psychoactive substance. |
Such products as
glue, butane gas, solvents are made on solvent base. That is why
they can be used for sniffing and then receiving post effects of
visual hallucinations. |
Chemical
warfare
is a military operation using the toxic properties of chemical
substances to kill, injure or incapacitate the enemy. Chemical
warfare
is different from the use of conventional weapons or nuclear
weapons because the destructive effects of chemical weapons are
not primarily due to any explosive force.
|
Bird flu is an
infectious disease due to a type of influenza virus that is
hosted by birds, but may infect several species of mammals. It
was first identified in Serbia Montenegro in the early 1900s and
is now known to exist worldwide. |
Biological
warfare is the use of any bacteria, virus or other
disease-causing organism or toxin found in nature, as a weapon
of war to incapacitate or kill an adversary. |
A few hundred
years ago the main forms of transport were walking or riding a
horse, donkey, camel and elephant, depending on where you lived. |
AIDS is an
acronym for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and is thought
to be caused primarily by a virus that invades white blood cells
(lymphocytes) and certain other body cells including the brain. |
Not long ago
computers were considered an amazing invention. Today they form
part of our everyday life. The latest thing today is Virtual
Reality. A Virtual Reality system can transport the user to
exotic locations such as a beach in Hawaii or the inside of the
human body. |
The Internet is a
huge network of computers spanning this planet
and is now started to bring in the surrounding area like space.
Some computers like servers share data, others just surf the web
as clients downloading the data. Public Internet began in the
late 70's. |
Everywhere we go,
we
hear about the Internet. It's on
television, in magazines, newspapers, and in schools. One might
think that this network of millions of computers around the
globe is as fast and captivating as television, but with more
and more users logging on everyday and staying on longer and
longer, this «Information Superhighway» could be perhaps more
correctly referred to as an expressway of big city centre at
rush hour. |
Television now
plays an important role in our life. It is difficult to say if
it is good or bad for us. It is clear, that television has
advantages and disadvantages. |
Our world is
becoming an increasingly complex place in which, we are very
dependent on other people and organizations. An event in some
distant part of the globe can rapidly and significantly affect
the quality of life in our home country. |
The Internet has
already entered our ordinary life. Everybody
knows that the Internet is a global computer network, which
embraces hundred of millions of users all over the world and
helps us to communicate with each other. |
Computer is an
electronic device that can receive a set of instructions called
program and then carry out them. The modern world of high
technology could not be possible without computers. Different
types and sizes of computers find uses throughout our society. |
I am sure, in
order to have a good job one should know foreign languages. The
most widespread languages in the world are Chinese, Spanish,
English and some others. But every well-educated person in the
world speaks English, because it is the language of
communication, business, science and culture. |
Modern life is
impossible without travelling. Thousands of people travel every
day either on business or for pleasure. They can travel by air,
by rail, by sea or by road. |
People began to
travel ages ago. The very first travellers were explorers who
went on trips to find wealth, fame or something else. |
We did quite a
lot of subjects at school. They were: Physics, Mathematics,
Biology, Russian Literature, Chemistry, English, History of this
country and many other subjects. |
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