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 Jede Staatsform bedient sich
politischer Symbole. Flaggen und Wappen
sind Sinnbilder der nationalen Zusammengehörigkeit. Die deutschen Farben
Schwarz–Rot–Gold haben einen revolutionären Ursprung. Sie stehen seit
dem 19. Jahrhundert für die Freiheit und die nationale Einheit aller
Deutschen. Die bundesstaatliche Struktur findet in den Wappen und
Flaggen der Länder Ausdruck. |
Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland ist
ein Bundesstaat, gegliedert in
sechzehn Länder. Die größten Bundesländer sind Baden–Württemberg mit der
Hauptstadt Stuttgart, Bayern mit der Hauptstadt München und
Niedersachsen mit der Hauptstadt Hannover. Jedes Land hat seine eigene
Verfassung, seinen eigenen Verwaltungsapparat. |
Klimatisch
liegt Deutschland im Bereich der gemäßigtkühlen
Westwindzone zwischen dem Atlantischen Ozean und dem Kontinentalklima im
Osten. |
Deutschland
liegt im Herzen Europas. Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland
ist von neun Nachbarstaaten umgeben: Dänemark im Norden, den
Niederlanden, Belgien, Luxemburg und Frankreich im Westen, der Schweiz
und Österreich im Süde und Tschechien und Polen im Osten. Die natürliche
Grenze bilden im Norden die Ostsee und die Nordsee. |
Die
Bundesrepublik Deutschland ist ein hochentwickelter,
kapitalistischer Industriestaat in Westeuropa. Nach der Beendigung des
Zweiten Weltkrieges existierten zwei deutsche Staaten: die BRD und die
DDR. Im Jahre 1990 vereinigten sie sich. Das vereinte Deutschland hat
eine Fläche von 356 000 km2 und zählt über 80 Millionen Einwohner. |
 Nowadays when
our independent state Ukraine is developing, much
attention is paid to our youth. The desire of our young people to become
qualified specialists in future motivates them to enter higher
educational establishments. For young people higher education is the
method of developing their talents and abilities, their creative
potential. |
There are
dates and events in the life of our country that are
memorable to every Ukrainian citizen. The dates of this kind are: the
Victory Day, the May Day, the Constitution Day, the Women’s Day, the
Independence Day. These are national holidays, people do not work on
these days. |
Poltava — one
of the most interesting towns of Ukraine — is situated
on the picturesque bank of the river Vorskla. Due to its history Poltava
rouses great interest. It was first mentioned in chronicles as Ltava in
1174. |
Правительство Украины претерпело
большие изменения в начале 1990-х.
Независимость Украины была провозглашена 24 августа 1991 года. Ее
суверенитет сейчас признан всеми странами мира. Украина имеет свою
собственную государственную символику, Конституцию, валюту и
правительство. |
We live in Ukraine. Ukraine is a sovereign state. It has
its own
territory, government, national emblem, state flag and anthem. |
Ukraine is one of the largest
countries of eastern Europe. Ukraine
occupies an area of 603,700 square kilometres. Its territory stretches
for 893 kilometres from north to south and for 1,316 kilometres from
east to west. |
Kharkiv is
quite an old city. It was founded about 350 years ago. The
city is situated on the plateau surrounded by the Kharkiv and the Lopan
rivers. According to the popular legend the city is named after the
Cossack Kharko. Kharkiv is the historical capital of Slobidska Ukraine.
|
Ukraine is
situated in the south-east of Europe. The territory of
Ukraine is 603,700 square kilometres. It borders on Russia, Belarus,
Moldova, Czehia, Slovakia, Hungary, Poland and Romania. |
Dnipropetrovsk is situated on the river
Dnieper. It is a large
railway junction. The city is one of the main industrial, cultural and
scientific centres of Ukraine. |
Zaporizhya is
a historic region of Ukraine. The centre of Ukrainian
Cossaks, Zapo-rozhskaya Sech, was situated there in the 16th — 18th
centuries. It played a very important role in the struggle of Ukrainian
people for their independence. Zaporizhya is considered to be a city
from 1806. |
In Ukraine
medical help is available in hospitals, polyclinics, and
also in medical centres in such places as factories and schools. Health
service is based on local therapeutists as they are the first who
diagnose. Some certain district is appointed to a polyclinic and this
district is divided into several areas. |
Ukraine has a long history and rich
culture. That is why there are
many places of interest there. It is natural that the capital of the
country, Kyiv, has kept the greatest number of them. It is one of the
oldest cities in Europe. From time immemorial Kyiv has been the centre
of Slavonic culture. |
The main
street of Kyiv is certainly Khreshchatik and you’d better
start your sightseeing there. The street is not very long but very
impressive. Khreshchatic looks especially beautifulin spring when
chestnut trees are in blossom. The building of this street began at the
end of the 18th century. |
Ukraine
occupies the territory that is situated in the eastern part
of Europe. There are the Carpathian Mountains in the west and the
Crimean Mountains in the south. Ukrainian territory is washed by the
Azov Sea and the Black Sea. These factors influence the climate of
Ukraine. |
The most
important holiday of Ukraine is the Day of Independence,
which is celebrated on the 24th of August. On this day in 1991 the
independence of Ukraine was proclaimed and the Ukrainian people began to
build a new society. We always celebrate this date. |
Lugansk is one
of the regional centres of Ukraine. It is situated on
the bank of the rivers Lugan and Olkhovaya. The city is a large
industrial centre. It is called the cradle of southern metallurgy. |
On April 12,
1961, Yury Gagarin made history by being the first human to
orbit the earth. As a
precaution,
engineers at the Soviet Academy of Sciences had an onboard
computer, as well as mission control steer the craft, "Vostok
1". They did this because the feared that being in the
weightlessness of space, you might be disabled or not be able to
move very much. |
Vladimir the
Great, born about 956, died on July, 15, 1015, in Vyshhorod,
near Kiev. Grand Prince of Kiev from 980; son of Sviatoslav I
Ihorevych and Malusha and father of 11 princes by five wives,
including Sviatopolk I, Yaroslav the Wise, Mstislav
Vladimirovich, and Saints Boris and Hleb Vladimirovich. |
It would be a
platitude to say that A. S. Pushkin is the greatest Russian
poet. But I hope no one is challenging the view that he occupies
an outstanding place in Russian literature and culture. |
Almost everybody
knows "The Nutcracker Suite" with its "Dance of the Sugar Plum
Fairy" and "Waltz of the Flowers" "The Nutcracker Suite" was
written as a ballet, but many more people have heard the music
than have seen the ballet. Some of Tchaikovsky's other
compositions are well-known too. |
O'Henry is a
famous American short-story writer, a master of surprise endings
of the stories. He wrote about the life of ordinary people in
New York City. Typical for O'Henry's stories is a twist of plot
which turns on an ironic or coincidental circumstance. |
Nikolai Gogol was
born in Sorochintsi, Ukraine, and grew up on his parent's
country estate. His real surname was Ianovskii, but the writer's
grandfather had taken the name "Gogol" to claim a nobel Cossack
ancestry. Gogol's father was an educated and gifted man, who
wrote plays, poems, and sketches. |
Napoleon
Bonaparte was born on August 15, 1769 in Corsica Island. He was
the greatest hero of France. His family had moved there from
Italy in the 16th century. His original name was Napoleone and
his original nationality was Corsican-Italian. |
Mikhail Lomonosov
was born in 1711 in Archangelsk province. His father was a
fisher and young Mikhail liked to help him. He always strove for
knowledge and liked reading books. |
Everyone agrees
that Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was one of the greatest of
all painters. His painting "The Last Supper" is probably the.
most famous painting in the world. But Leonardo would be famous
if he had never painted a stroke. For he was also a great
inventor. He invented the wheelbarrow, the military tank, and
roller bearings. |
John Winston Ono
Lennon was best known as a singer, songwriter, poet and
guitarist for the British rock band The Beatles. His creative
career also included the roles of solo musician, political
activist, artist, actor and author. |
John Fitzgerald
Kennedy became the 35th President of the United States. The
youngest ever elected to the presidency and the first of the
Roman Catholic faith, John F. Kennedy won the election of
November 1960, but later, he received the support of most
Americans.
|
I have to admit
that I'm fond of reading. I like to read books about the history
of our country, about famous people and adventures. Literature
means much in my life. It helps to form the character and the
world outlook, to understand life better. Books teach us to be
honest, modest, and courageous. They help us to feel compassion
for weak people. |
Newton, one of
the greatest scientists of all times was born in 1642 in the
little village in Lincolnshire, England. His father was a farmer
and died before Newton was born. His mother was a clever woman
whom he always loved. |
Ilia Efimovich
Repin was born in 1844 in a small Ukrainian town of Tchuguev in
the family of a military settler. As a boy he was trained as an
icon painter. At the age of 19 he entered the St. Petersburg
Academy of Arts. His arrival to the capital coincided with an
important event in artistic life of the 60s, the so-called "Riot
of the Fourteen" when 14 young artists left the Academy having
refused to use mythological subjects for their diploma works. |
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